Some people may also self-induce vomiting due to an eating disorder. According to the Mayo Clinic, causes for nausea and vomiting vary widely and can include: 3. If you need to see a doctor for vomiting, they will take your medical history and perform a physical exam to try to find the underlying cause.
A history of your medication will be taken to see if vomiting is a side effect. Blood and urine tests may be done to look for signs of infection. Women may also take a pregnancy test.
Your doctor will also look for signs of dehydration , including dry skin , cracked lips, dark-colored urine, dizziness, fatigue, and sweating and urinating more than usual, according to the National Institutes of Health NIH.
Typically, vomiting eases within 6 to 24 hours with at-home treatment. If vomiting occurs for more than a day, you should see your doctor to see if you need further treatment. Call your pediatrician if your infant or young child experiences vomiting for more than a few hours or if they are vomiting with a high fever over degrees F, notes the Cleveland Clinic. Treatment for nausea and vomiting depends on the underlying cause. Most episodes of vomiting can be treated at home. Self-care measures you can take to treat vomiting include:.
If you are planning a trip and have a history of motion sickness, try over-the-counter medications to treat the condition, like dimenhydrinate and meclizine. For longer journeys like cruises, your doctor may prescribe an adhesive patch to treat motion sickness.
Vomiting associated with cancer treatments can often be treated with another type of drug therapy. There are also prescription and nonprescription drugs that can be used to control vomiting associated with pregnancy. These include vitamin B6 supplements, doxylamine, and a combination drug of doxylamine and pyridoxine.
Severe dehydration caused by vomiting may require treatment with intravenous fluids. A person with nausea has the sensation that vomiting may occur. Other signs that you are about to vomit include gagging, retching, choking, involuntary stomach reflexes, the mouth filling with saliva to protect the teeth from stomach acid , and the need to move or bend over. If you feel nauseous , resting either in a sitting position or in a propped lying position can help; activity may worsen nausea and may lead to vomiting.
Pregnant women experiencing morning sickness can eat some crackers before getting out of bed or eat a high protein snack before going to bed like lean meat or cheese.
One of the biggest complications of vomiting is dehydration, which occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in. Call or go to an emergency room if you: Think the vomiting is from poisoning Notice blood or dark, coffee-colored material in the vomit Call a provider right away or seek medical care if you or another person has: Been vomiting for longer than 24 hours Been unable to keep any fluids down for 12 hours or more Headache or stiff neck Not urinated for 8 or more hours Severe stomach or belly pain Vomited 3 or more times in 1 day Signs of dehydration include: Crying without tears Dry mouth Increased thirst Eyes that appear sunken Skin changes: For example, if you touch or squeeze the skin, it doesn't bounce back the way it usually does Urinating less often or having dark yellow urine.
What to Expect at Your Office Visit. Your provider will perform a physical exam and will look for signs of dehydration. Your provider will ask questions about your symptoms, such as: When did the vomiting begin?
How long has it lasted? How often does it occur? Does it occur after you eat, or on an empty stomach? Are other symptoms present such as abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, or headaches? Are you vomiting blood? Are you vomiting anything that looks like coffee grounds? Are you vomiting undigested food?
When was the last time you urinated? Other questions you may be asked include: Have you been losing weight? Have you been traveling? How Is Vomiting Treated? Babies can continue to breastfeed or take formula as long as they are not throwing up repeatedly.
Don't give babies plain water instead of oral rehydration solution. It doesn't have the right nutrients for babies with dehydration. Older children can have frozen electrolyte popsicles. When your child stops vomiting, you can offer small amounts of solid foods, such as toast, crackers, rice, or mashed potatoes. Yogurt, fruits, vegetables, and lean meat, like chicken, are also OK.
When Should I Call the Doctor? The CTZ then communicates to other areas of the body to start the domino effect for vomiting. Before you vomit you may feel nauseous, become pale, have a cold sweat, and have an increased heart rate. Your mouth will also produce extra saliva to protect your teeth from the incoming stomach acid. As your body prepares to vomit, the major muscles in between the neck and abdomen — the diaphragm, chest wall and the abdominal muscles — all contract at the same time.
This puts pressure on the stomach, forcing the contents in the stomach up the throat and through your mouth. Generally, a few contractions occur before vomiting, causing dry heaving. As the contractions continue, the stomach contents are up, up and away! To protect you from choking, the throat has a flap called the epiglottis which closes to stop any vomit getting into the windpipe and lungs.
Vomiting causes the body to lose fluids that contain salts and minerals called electrolytes. While one vomit alone is not likely to cause adverse reactions, multiple vomits in a short period of time can quickly lead to dehydration , particularly in babies and children, and an electrolyte imbalance.
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