Zavala's memory is preserved in Texas in a number of place names, notably Zavala County, a village in Jasper County, and a rural settlement in Angelina County, and in numerous street and school names. The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style , 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this entry.
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If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. A Texas Scrap-Book. The Texas Republic. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. By the time that Lorenzo de Zavala arrived in Texas in July , he had already held office on the local, state and national levels in the Mexican Colonial, Imperial, and National governments.
Zavala was twice imprisoned for his political beliefs. The first time, he spent three years, , in San Juan de Ulua prison for advocating democratic reforms in the Spanish government.
While in prison he studied English and medicine. He took up the practice of medicine upon his release and actively pursued it until when he returned to politics. Later, after the overthrow of President Guerrero in , he was kept under house arrest and then forced into exile the following year. In addition to holding office, Zavala further affected political life in Mexico by his active part in establishing York Rite Masonry in Mexico in Serving as an alternative to the Scottish Rite Grand Orient style of Masonry favored by the politically conservative and centralist leaders, the York Rite boasted a membership that championed liberal ideals and a decentralized, federal plan for government.
Zavala extended his political influence both as a writer and newpaper publisher. He established the first newspaper published in Yucatan, and from until his death he contributed articles and editorials to his own and other newspapers. In addition, he published a number of pamphlets, memorials, broadsides, and books.
Click on image for larger image and transcript. Broadside for the meeting at Lynch's tavern, Texans, too, acknowledged Zavala's importance. Zavala had been representing Mexico in Paris when he got word that Santa Anna had taken dictatorial control of Mexico. He came to Texas to work for the restoration of democratic government of his country.
Although orders for Zavala's capture and deportation were issued by many of the Texas authorities, he was never in real danger of arrest throughout During his time in Mexico, Zavala held many elected and appointed offices.
But in , Zavala's allegiance would shift north. Zavala resigned in protest and headed to Texas. Zavala's new loyalty to Texas was complete. He signed the Texas Declaration of Independence, helped write the Texas constitution, and served as the Republic's first vice president. In October of , ill health forced him to step away from public life. A month later, on a near freezing day in November, Zavala's rowboat, with him in it, overturned in Buffalo Bayou.
Zavala developed pneumonia from which he never recovered. The hero who helped secure Texas independence was laid to rest in a family cemetery near the San Jacinto Battleground. But when Santa Anna became a dictator to put down the unrest in Mexico, Zavala resigned and returned to America.
In while in New York, he reunited with Stephen F. Austin, whom he had met on many occasions while in Mexico. Austin convinced him to come to Texas. Zavala settled in what is now Channelview, a Houston suburb, at a home he called Zavala Point. As the Texas Revolution erupted, Zavala served on the Permanent Council in October and helped coordinate supplies for the Texas army.
Zavala was elected to represent the Harrisburg modern-day Houston area in the Convention of There, with 58 other delegates, he signed the Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2.
He led the effort to create a stable constitution, one close to the Constitution of the United States. Thus, the Republic of Texas was born.
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